Punch Drunk
Gemma Brockis - CROW
I love the imagery in this piece. The colours are very earthy and dark which I like.
Judd Patterson - Fireflies
Fireflies are so unbelievably underrated. I would have loved to witness this project. They are incredibly inspiring and I can just imagine a theatre stage with a forest which is filled with little glowing specs. The idea is also that they live in King Morior's cloak and glow at night.
Yayoi Kusama
I love this man-made recreation of what a room full of fireflies would look like. Wish I had gone to see this!
Lumiere Brothers - The Serpentine Dance
Hussain Chalayan- Furniture to Wear
Lucy Orta- Wearable shelters
Turner Prize
Tris Vonna-Mitchell
John Stezeker
I love this piece. This was not at the exhibition but I really love it.
Agricultural Revolution
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/agricultural_revolution_01.shtml
'But at each of these periods the population ceased to grow, essentially because agriculture could not respond to the pressure of feeding extra people. Contrary to expectation, however, population grew to unprecedented levels after 1750, reaching 16.6 million in 1850, and agricultural output expanded with it.'
'A second reason why we can claim an agricultural revolution in the century after 1750 is that as each agricultural worker produced more food, so the proportion of the workforce in agriculture fell. This falling proportion of workers in agriculture enabled the proportion working in industry and services to rise: in other words improved agricultural production made the industrial revolution possible, and many would regard the industrial revolution as the beginning of the modern world. By 1850 only 22 per cent of the British workforce was in agriculture; the smallest proportion for any country in the world.'
Other history...Goods Traffic
'Although Kings Cross is usually thought of as a major passenger station, it was also a major goods station for much of its existence. It is only in recent decades that the goods traffic has withered to virtually nothing. From the very beginning, the GNR's strength relied heavily on London's ever-growing requirement for coal, vegetables, and meat.'
1850s Men's Clothing
Working Men's clothes. 1850s
'Farmers and poorer men wore things like sturdy wool, denim, and corduroy because of their tough working conditions. They had wool shirts, and then trousers, sometimes with suspenders. They also had tough boots for working in the field. They always made very good use of old or used dress clothes.' http://victorianfashionproject.weebly.com/mens-styles.html
Grain Sacks
Grain Sack Material
Brick Wall Inspiration- Granary
Canal Inspiration
Barges
Old Fashioned Cranes
,+Giton+Ren%C3%A9+(1908-2003)+1935.jpg)
Main Facts
Main facts:
-Printed by William Hogarth in support of the Gin Act in 1751. Hogarth advertised their issue in the London Evening Post between 14 and 16 February 1751 alongside the prints of The Four Stages of Cruelty, which were issued the following week.
-Hogarth owes a debt toPieter Bruegel the Elder's La Maigre Cuisine and La Grasse Cuisine engraved by Pieter van der Heyden in 1563, which shows two meals, one of which overflows with food and is populated by fat diners, while in the other the emaciated guests squabble over a few meagre scraps
-They depict the evils of the consumption of gin as a contrast to the merits of drinking beer.
-The prints depict scene in the area of St Giles near Covent Garden.
-Hogarth’s friend, Henry Fielding, published ‘An Inquiry into the Late Increase in Robbers’ alongside Hogarth’s prints ‘The Four Stages of Cruelty’ (four prints depicting four different times of day: morning, noon, evening, night.)
-These prints continued Hogarth’s own movement of ‘Industry and Idleness’.
-Closer inspection of the prints suggest that the prosperity of Beer Street is possibly directly related to the misery of Gin Lane.
More Facts:
Georgian Era: 1714-1837
Prime minister during 1751: Charles Watson-Wentworth
'A phenomenon of 18th-century London was the coffee house, which became a popular place to debate ideas. Growingliteracy and the development of the printing press meant that news became widely available. Fleet Street became the centre of the embryonic British press during the century.
18th-century London was dogged by crime, the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force. Penalties for crime were harsh, with the death penalty being applied for fairly minor crimes. Public hangings were common in London, and were popular public events.' wiki
'Up until 1750, London Bridge was the only crossing over the Thames, but in that year Westminster Bridge was opened and, for the first time in history, London Bridge, in a sense, had a rival.
The 18th century saw the breakaway of the American colonies.' Wiki
Prints by Hogarth: Catalogue Number 186
Coffee Houses
'In London and all over Europe, “coffeehouses” ...these coffeehouses drew intellectuals like professors or students from universities like Oxford and Cambridge. For a penny, people could buy a cup of coffee and listen to these great minds discuss the state of the world or whatever field they were an expert in.
Essentially, you could get free lectures in all sorts of topics. Historians say that these coffeehouses eventually led to a massive literacy spike that also resulted in hundreds of new newspapers all over Europe.' -http://listverse.com/2013/02/23/top-10-reasons-the-18th-century-was-awesome/
Hogarth's St John's Coffee House
Gender in Eighteenth-Century England
Chapter Six 'Poor Women, the Parish and the Politics of Poverty'
Lascivious Bodies
Historic Costume-
Info on Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights
'In contrast to Bosch's two other complete triptychs,The Last Judgment (around 1482) and The Haywain (after 1510), God is absent from the central panel. Instead, this panel shows humanity acting with apparent free will as naked men and women engage in various pleasure-seeking activities.' Wiki
So perhaps Beer Street is actually the central panel instead. It shows 'Earthly Delights' rather than heaven.
Boch- By Laurinda Dixon
Introduction
Chemical Imagery
Ergot to LSD - the feeling of flying
Intro to Garden of Earthly Delights
The Earthly Paradise of Eden. Left Panel.
The Inferno
Note on Hallucinations
It was very exciting to read about Bosch's paintings reflect the effects of ergot and mandrake root. That one feels like flying when it is taken. It is said that this explains much of the bizarre imagery in his works. This perfectly relates to our project because of how we want to make the gin the hallucinogenic 'elixir' which transports the characters into a dreamlike world; the world they wish to be in (the Garden of Earthly Delights).
Johfra Draak
Stilts
Just looking at old-fashioned stilts. I don't want to use them on the feet. I'm actually going to make crutch type things. Well, a combination of crutches and stilts.
18th Century Fashion
18th Century Clothes:
http://demodecouture.com/late-18th-century-skirt-supports/
1750s:
- Women: Court dress included elaborate and intricate styles influenced by Rococo; hoop skirts; panniers;[1] corsets; petticoats; stays; conical torso shape with large hips; "standardized courtly bodies and faces" with little individuality[4]Men: Coat; waistcoat: breeches; large cuffs; more attention on individual pieces of the suit;[5] wigs for formal occasions; long and powdered hair
- French: Elaborate court dress, colorful,decorative, portraiture inside
- English: Simple and practical, inexpensive durable fabrics, outdoor lifestyle,[5] portraiture outside
1760s:
- Women: New strapless stays cut high at the armpit; grand habit de cour or "stiff-bodied" gown; riding habit
- Men: Frock coat; knee length breeches fitted snugly; full shirt sleeves; original Macaroni[6]
WOMEN OVERVIEW:
Women's clothing styles retained the emphasis on a narrow, inverted conical torso, achieved with boned stays, above full skirts. Hoop skirts continued to be worn, reaching their largest size in the 1750s, and were sometimes replaced by side-hoops, also called 'false hips', or panniers.[1] Court dress had little or no physical comfort with restriction of movement. Full size hoops skirts prevented sitting and reminded those wearing them to stand in the presence of the King. Stays forced a proper standing posture. Garments like these could not be washed often because of the fabrics they were made of. The Enlightenment produced a backlash against sumptuary laws which asserted a stagnant social hierarchy. During the enlightenment court dressed stayed almost the same while outside of court dress fashion became less extravagant and shifted more towards comfort rather than courtly display. [8]
SHOES:
Shoes had high, curved heels (the origin of modern "louis heels") and were made of fabric or leather, with separateshoe buckles.[11] These were either polished metal, usually in silver (sometimes with the metal cut into false stones in the Paris style), or with paste stones, although there were other types.
UNDERWEAR:
The shift, chemise (in France), or smock, had a low neckline and elbow-length sleeves which were full early in the period and became increasingly narrow as the century progressed. Drawers were not worn in this period.
The long-waisted, heavily boned stays of the early 1740s with their narrow back, wide front, and shoulder straps gave way by the 1760s to strapless stays which still were cut high at the armpit, to encourage a woman to stand with her shoulders slightly back, a fashionable posture. The fashionable shape was a rather conical torso, with large hips. The waist was not particularly small. Stays were laced snugly, but comfortably. They offered back support for heavy lifting, and poor and middle class women were able to work comfortably in them.
Free-hanging pockets were tied around the waist and were accessed through pocket slits in the side-seams of the gown or petticoat.
Woolen or quilted waistcoats were worn over the stays and under the gown for warmth, as were petticoats quilted with wool batting, especially in the cold climates of Northern Europe and America.
WORKING CLASS:
Working-class people in 18th century England and the United States often wore the same garments as fashionable people—shirts, waistcoats, coats and breeches for men, and shifts, petticoats, and dresses or jackets for women—but they owned fewer clothes and what they did own was made of cheaper and sturdier fabrics. Working class men also wore short jackets, and some (especially sailors) wore trousers rather than breeches. Smock-frocks were a regional style for men, especially shepherds. Country women wore short hooded cloaks, most often red. Both sexes wore handkerchiefs or neckerchiefs.[20][21]
Men's felt hats were worn with the brims flat rather than cocked or turned up. Men and women wore shoes with shoe buckles (when they could afford them). Men who worked with horses wore boots.[20]
WIKI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1750–75_in_Western_fashion
Punch Drunk
'Sleep No More'
I've never seen a Punch Drunk show but they sound so amazing. I love the idea of being involved in a performance, especially being immersed into a world with all the amazing set decoration.
Robert Wilson's VOOM portraits
Dante Ferretti 'Gangs of New York'
Mella Jaarsma
Aamu Song -The Red Dress
This piece is incredible and so original. The opera singer wears the dress but the audience does as well. They can snuggle up in the folds like sleeping bags and relax to the music, as well as becoming apart of the performance.
MARZO
I only saw a video of this but it was a lot of fun. And very different. An unexpected mix between two Italian artists and a Japanese Manga artist.
Turner Prize - Tate Britain
If I'm going to be honest I was quite disappointed by this year's Turner Prize. I hadn't gone in a few years and I was expecting quite a lot more than what was there. The first room was my favourite, which was James Richards' piece. It was a dark room with a large tv in the middle and surround sound. It was showing a loop of a video collage he made. I found it very beautiful and eerie. Many images were in high definition, and most in black in white. The combination of the two made the imagery almost hypnotic. I kept watching and watching and watching. My favourite video piece was a video of a cockatoo flapping it's wings with this sort of mechanical and even obnoxious repetitive sound in the background.
The rest of the exhibition was very underwhelming, particularly a room lined with colourful pop art wallpaper. It just didn't click with me. I found it quite uncreative to be honest. I can't remember the name of the artist, she was female. There was another artist who I appreciated though called Duncan Campbell who had a sort of documentary film projected onto a wall. He was telling this story about being in Berlin while these images flashed on the wall, which sort of had something to do wight he story but not really. I found this an interesting and exciting way to tell a story.
Duncan Campbell
Sexology - The Wellcome Museum
First of all I really don't know how this exhibition is linked to our project in any way. As an exhibition itself it was quite mediocre. There wasn't much 'new' information. It was kind of a collection of things people had already kind of seen before or already knew about. There was also a rather bizarre man at the end who had his pants down and box around his waste, where one could stick their head and the box and...I have no idea. I didn't do it. I can only imagine.
Kings Cross History
All from: http://www.visitkingscross.com/history.htm
'The area was known then as Battlebridge and we still have Battlebridge Basin, on the Regent's Canal, and until recently there was a Battlebridge Road. The origin of the name Battlebridge is not universally agreed. The bridge took the Gray's Inn Road over the river Fleet, which still runs in culvert through the area. The battle was said to be between between Queen Boadicea and the Roman general Caius Suetonius Paulinus, and to have taken place in AD61. Boadicea was Queen of the Icenii (an East Anglian Celtic tribe), and a doughty fighter against the Romans. Battlebridge is said to have been her last battle, in which she was defeated, later taking her own life. Legend has it that she is burried beneath what is now the station.'
'The origin of the name is simple, a statue of the King, at the cross roads of The New Road (Now Euston Road), Maiden Lane (now York Way), Pentonville Hill (now Road), and Gray's Inn Road. The statue was erected in 1830-36 and demolished in 1842 (statue).'
'The Regent's Canal was completed through the area in 1820 and this enabled urbanisation to accellerate. The Imperial Gas Light and Code Company built a gas works, supplied with coal by canal boat (from the docks), soon afterwards. More industry followed as the century unfurled and of course, the railways arrived. An Act of Parliament forbade the railways from coming south of the New Road so King's Cross, St. Pancras, and Euston were all built ajoining it. King's Cross opened in 1850 from a temporary station, with the present station opening in 1852.'
The Granary Building
From: http://www.kingscross.co.uk/granary
'The Goods Yard complex, designed by Lewis Cubitt, was completed in 1852. The complex comprised the Granary Building, the Train Assembly Shed, and the Eastern and Western Transit Sheds. The buildings were aligned to the axis of the Copenhagen tunnel through which the trains arrived from the north.'
'The Granary building was mainly used to store Lincolnshire wheat for London’s bakers, while the sheds were used to transfer freight from or to the rail carts. Off-loading from the rail carriages was made easier by cranes and turntables powered by horse and, from the 1840s, hydraulic power. Loaded and unloaded carts were moved in to the Train Assembly Shed and formed into trains for departure northwards. Stables were located under the loading platforms – some of these remain in the Western Transit Shed.'
1850s
Women's clothes
1843 Map of King's Cross
Interactive Map. London 1843
Granary Building Floor Plans
Proposed Canal Branches
Brick Wall Inspiration- Granary
Beer Street - 1751
Gin Lane
The cartoon Museum
The Works of William Hogarth
The Tavern Scene
Notes from The Works of William Hogarth
--------------------------------------------------------------->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
'British Burgundy (Beer), refreshes the weary, exhilarates the faint, and cheers the depressed, an infernal compound of juniper and fiery spirits debases the mind, destroys the constitution, and brings its thirsty votaries to an untimely grave.'
Beer Street:
'Two fish women, furnished with a flagon of the same liquor, are chanting a song of Mr. Lockman's on the British Herring Fishery. A porter, having put a load of waste paper on the ground, is eagerly quaffing this best of barley wine.'
Gin Lane:
'nauseous contrast, which displays human nature in its most degraded and disgusting state. Having bartered away his waistcoat, shirt, and stockings, and drank until he is in a state of total insensibility; pale, wan, and emaciated, he is a perfect skeleton. A few steps higher is a debased counterpart of Lazarus, taking snuff; thoroughly intoxicated, and negligent of the infant at her breast, it falls over the rail into an area, and dies, an innocent victim to the baneful vice if its depraved parent.'
Cognitive Surplus: Gin, Television and Cognitive Surplus by Clay Shirky
'Rookery'
'"Rookery" was a colloquial term given in the 18th and 19th centuries to a city slum occupied by poor people and frequently also by criminals and prostitutes. Such areas were overcrowded, with low-quality housing and little or no sanitation. Poorly constructed dwellings, built with multiple storeys and often crammed into any area of open ground, created densely populated areas of gloomy, narrow streets and alleyways.' Wiki
St Giles was known to be one of the worst in London.
Charles Booth Poverty Map:
Notes from 'Gender in Eighteenth-Century England'
<<<<<<<----------------------------
'Poor women, the parish and the politics of poverty' Chapter Six by Richard Connors
'...over 80 per cent of those classed as poor were women'.
' 'at no time in the preindustrial past was there a golden age when women were not confined - either by prevailing notions of separate spheres, complementary, or partnership...' '
Lascivious Bodies by Julie Peakman
Notes from Lascivious Bodies
<<<<<<----------------------------------------------------------
'London was already the sex capital of Europe, with a reputation for insidious vice'
'According to Old Bailey records, a great may prostitutes were unmarried, with over half of them born outside London.'
Venereal Disease:
'Venereal disease was rife in London, with sexual infections spreading around the city's brothels.'
'Prostitutes bore the brunt of the blame, with the poorest women affected most.'
'Despite its seriousness, venereal disease had become so widespread in the eighteenth century that any libertine in London might expect to catch it and, indeed, many of them did.'
'The 'No Nose'd Club was formed for all those suffering from syphilis who had had their noses eaten away by the disease...'
Prostitution
From: The Secret History of Georgian London: How the Wages of Sin Shaped the Capital. By Dan Cruickshank. http://www.economist.com/node/14636924
'AS MANY as one in five young women were prostitutes in 18th-century London. The Covent Garden that tourists frequent today was the centre of a vast sex trade strewn across hundreds of brothels and so-called coffee houses. Fornication in public was common and even children were routinely treated for venereal disease. A German visitor observed a nation that had overstepped all others “in immorality and addiction to debauchery”.
English society expected, even encouraged, men to pay for sex. Prejudice barred women from all but menial jobs. Prostitution at least offered financial independence: a typical harlot could earn in a month what a tradesman or clerk would earn in a year.
Thomas Coram's Foundling Hospital opened in 1741 to look after the abandoned babies of unmarried mothers, attracting support from the cream of society. By mitigating the cost and shame of unwanted pregnancy, the hospital hoped to stem the march of women into harlotry. But limited places provoked riots, and the hospital could not, as it had intended, single out the children of mothers who were not harlots.
In 1756 the government gave the hospital money to expand capacity on condition that it accept all children under two months old, with no questions asked. The results were grisly. Despairing mothers across England paid dubious businessmen to offload their unwanted babies on the state: many were lost or dead on arrival. Some three-quarters of the 15,000 babies that reached the hospital died before the government ended its support in 1760.'
Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies:
'Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies, published from 1757 to 1795, was an annual directory of prostitutes then working in Georgian London. A small, attractive pocketbook, it was printed and published in Covent Garden, and sold for two shillings and sixpence.
Each edition contains entries which describe the physical appearance and sexual specialities of about 120–190 prostitutes who worked in and around Covent Garden.' Wiki
Historic Costume- Bonnets
Hieronymus Bosch - The Garden of Earthly Delights
'The Garden of Earthly Delights is the modern title[1] given to atriptych painted by the Early Netherlandish master Hieronymus Bosch. It has been housed in the Museo del Prado in Madridsince 1939. Dating from between 1490 and 1510, when Bosch was between about 40 and 60 years old,[2] it is his best-known[3]and most ambitious complete work.[4]
The triptych is painted in oil on oak and is formed from a square middle panel flanked by two other oak rectangular wings that close over the center as shutters. The outer wings, when folded, show a grisaille painting of the earth during the biblical narrative of Creation.
Art historians and critics frequently interpret the painting as a didactic warning on the perils of life's temptations.[5] However, the intricacy of its symbolism, particularly that of the central panel, has led to a wide range of scholarly interpretations over the centuries.[6] Twentieth-century art historians are divided as to whether the triptych's central panel is a moral warning or a panorama of paradise lost. American writer Peter S. Beagle describes it as an "erotic derangement that turns us all into voyeurs, a place filled with the intoxicating air of perfect liberty".[7]' WIKI
Our group has decided to link Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights to our project, as we believe that Hogarth's 'diptych' and Bosch's triptych have something in common. The warning of of life's temptations. Though this is debated for Bosch's piece.
Adoration of the Magi- Bosch
Example of flying beings in his paintings
The Garden of Earthly Delights - Central Panel
Interpretation of the Painting
Demons
Jan Karwot
Body_Remix/Goldberg_Variations; Gustavia; Susan and Darren
I had this in my mind as well when I was imaging stilts/crutches. We were shown a few images and a video clip from this very weird Sadlers Wells performance. It definitely stuck in my head! There's something creepy and demonic about these people, or creatures really. I want to somehow replicate an aspect of this in my character.
BOOBS- Life Casting
Prostitutes
Prosthetics
Matthew Barney
Jessica Alba?
Secret Cinema - Grand Budapest Hotel
Grimm Tales - Immersive Theatre
'The Matchmaker' Gerard Von Honthorst 1625
'Chiaroscuro' Light
Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon
Kubrick used special camera lenses to be able to film only using natural light.
Dante Ferretti 'Sweeney Todd'
Triadic Ballet
Costume/Design-lead performance
'Triadisches Ballett (Triadic Ballet) is a ballet developed by Oskar Schlemmer. It premiered in Stuttgart, on 30 September 1922, with music composed by Paul Hindemith, after formative performances dating back to 1916, with the performers Elsa Hotzel and Albert Burger. The ballet became the most widely performed avant-garde artistic dance and while Schlemmer was at the Bauhaus from 1921 to 1929, the ballet toured, helping to spread the ethos of the Bauhaus.' Wikipedia
Martha Graham- Lamentation
I found this piece really uncomfortable. Hard to watch, even for the few minutes I watched the video. I don't quite see the point in it if I'm honest.
Turner Prize - James Richards
Duncan Campbell
Aubrey Beardsley
This was one of my two favourite pieces in this exhibition. There wasn't much art, but this was on of them. I love this art nouveau/art deco ish style. The other piece I loved was done by an anonymous artist so I couldn't look it up, and couldn't take a photo :(
Aubrey Beardsley etching of Oscar Wilde's Salome
Regents Canal
All from: http://www.kingscross.co.uk/history-regents-canal
'..And from 1820 until the 1960s, Regent’s Canal played an important part in this trade. It linked King’s Cross to the major industrial cities in the North of England. And for over 140 years the Canal brought coal, goods and building materials to London.'
'Created by John Nash...Regent’s Canal takes its name from the Prince Regent, son of King George III.'
'the canal was opened to great fanfare in 1820. Initially a commercial failure, by the mid 19th century the canal had become busy and profitable. It carried timber, building materials and coal to King’s Cross Station from the industrial north. It also brought fruit to marmalade makers, beer to bottlers and grain to a flour mill where Kings Place now stands. It even carried ice from Norwegian glaciers to Carlo Gatti’s ice house'
'To unload the barges, the Great Northern Railway Company built two canal basins. Two short branch canals led from the basins underneath the six-storey Granary Building where goods were offloaded. ' ** How can I incorporate this into a performance?
'The harsh winter of 1962-3 saw Regent’s Canal freeze so hard that no cargo could move on it for weeks. By the time the thaw came, most of the freight traffic had been transferred to road, never to return. By the late 1960’s commercial traffic had all but vanished. By that time the canal had been carrying timber, coal, building materials and foodstuff to London for over 140 years.'** Also very interesting...
Map of Canal
Men's Clothes. 1882
Women's Clothes 1850s
Working Women
Cubitts Info
Footprints of history around CSM
Wagonwheel Turntables in the entrance:
What they were used for: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_turntable
Brick Wall Inspiration- Granary
Proposed Entrances
Lower ground Window Examples
I originally drew a normal-sized window which shawn light to the lower ground unloading bay. But I wanted to see what a lower ground window would actually look like. Here are real windows I found on one of the side buildings. I imagine a window down to a loading bay would be similar to this.
Underground Canal Inspiration
British Museum on Hogarth's Prints
'Hogarth claimed that these prints were 'calculated to reform some reigning Vices peculiar to the lower Class of People'. They were published in support of a campaign directed against gin drinking among London's poor. Consumption of cheap spirits by the poor had soared in the early eighteenth century, with dire social consequences. The campaign was led by Hogarth's friend the novelist Henry Fielding (1707-54), who was chief magistrate for Westminster from 1749 to 1754. It was successful: an act against gin was passed later in 1751. This prevented retail sale of gin by the shops that sold normal household necessities, and was effective in curbing the evils of spirit drinking.
Beer Street celebrates the virtues of the mildly intoxicating traditional national drink. Beer inspires artists and refreshes tradesmen and labourers. It can be drunk safely on rooftops. The newfangled foreign spirit gin, however, inspires violence and careless inebriation. A gin-sodden mother is oblivious to her child's fall. Addiction to spirits leads to negligence, poverty and death.
The verses were written by Hogarth's friend James Towneley to make plain the meaning of the images. The prints were too expensive for the urban poor, but would have been within the means of the middle-class electorate. The horrors of Gin Lane provided imagery for propaganda against alcohol for another hundred years.'
The Cartoon Museum
Cartoon Museum
Hogarth's Life
The Tavern Scene
Gin Lane
BS&GL
GIN
'Gin is a spirit which derives its predominant flavour from juniper berries'
'Gin was developed on the basis of the older Jenever, and became popular in Great Britain when William of Orange, leader of the Dutch Republic, occupied the English and Scottish thrones with his wife Mary.'
'It is further claimed that British soldiers who provided support in Antwerp against the Spanish in 1585, during the Eighty Years' War, were already drinking genever for its calming effects before battle, from which the term Dutch Courage is believed to have originated.[7]'
'In the heyday of the industry there was no quality control whatsoever (gin was frequently mixed with turpentine), and licences for distilling required only the application.
When it became apparent that copious gin consumption was causing social problems, efforts were made to control the production of the spirit. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on sales of gin, forbade the sale of the spirit in quantities of less than two gallons, and required an annual payment of £50 for a retail licence. It had little effect beyond increasing smuggling and driving the distilling trade underground.[4] Various loopholes were exploited to avoid the taxes, including selling gin under pseudonyms such as Ladies' Delight, Bob, Cuckold's Delight, and the none-too-subtle Parliament gin.[5]
The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1743. Francis Place later wrote that enjoyments for the poor of this time were limited: they had often had only two: "...sexual intercourse and drinking," and that, "...drunkenness is by far the most desired..." as it was cheaper and its effects more enduring.[6] By 1750, over a quarter of all residences inSt Giles parish in London were gin shops, and most of these also operated as receivers of stolen goods and co-ordinating spots for prostitution.[7]' Wiki
'Beer maintained a healthy reputation as it was often safer to drink the brewed ale than unclean plain water. Gin, though, was blamed for various social problems, and it may have been a factor in the higher death rates which stabilized London's previously growing population.'
The Dress of the People by John Styles
Fabric Samples from the Foundling Museum
Perfect for fish lady??
The Exterior Panels
'When the triptych's wings are closed, the design of the outer panels becomes visible. Rendered in a green–graygrisaille,[11] these panels lack colour, probably because most Netherlandish triptychs were thus painted, but possibly indicating that the painting reflects a time before the creation of the sun and moon, which were formed, according to Christian theology, to "give light to the earth".[12] It was common for the outer panels of Netherlandish altarpieces to be in grisaille, such that their blandness highlighted the splendid colour inside.[13]' Wiki
I never knew this!! SO beautiful!
Psychedelics of Mandrake use--Bosch's paintings
Hell Panel
Hell Panel
Sin
BOSCH's DEMONS
Just trying to look in detail at his paintings and find all the little demons and creatures he painted to get inspiration.
DEMONS- Leonard Baskin
Jiri Trnka
Makeup
SYPHILIS
